Suicide is a pressing public health concern in Canada, and it’s deeply troubling to know that close to 75% of the estimated 4,000 suicide deaths each year are men. This trend has persisted over the last four decades, making it crucial to understand the underlying factors contributing to this alarming statistic.

One notable aspect researchers have uncovered is the “gender paradox.” While men are more likely to die by suicide, women are more likely to attempt it. This paradox reflects how societal expectations and gender norms can impact men’s mental health, causing them to suffer silently and avoid seeking help when needed.

Breaking Down the Factors Impacting Men’s Mental Health and Suicidal Risk:

1. Population Diversity: Canada is a culturally rich nation, with over 38 million inhabitants from diverse backgrounds. Nearly 50% of the population consists of men, and racialized groups comprise around a quarter of the country’s population. Moreover, more than 800,000 individuals identify as Indigenous men, and approximately 380,000 men identify as 2SLGBTQ+. Each of these groups may face unique challenges and vulnerabilities that affect their mental health.

2. High-Risk Groups: Within the male population, Indigenous men and sexual and gender minority men are at the highest risk for suicide. Indigenous men exhibit higher rates of suicidal behavior, with suicide attempts among male Inuit youth being ten times higher compared to non-Indigenous male youth. Sexual minority men, such as gay, bisexual, or queer men, are also up to six times as likely to experience suicidal ideation.

3. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic: The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated existing risk factors for suicide in men, including psychological distress, job loss, loneliness, and problematic alcohol and substance use. Those living in marginalized conditions, such as Indigenous men and sexual and gender minority men, have reported increased struggles with alcohol and cannabis use, depression, self-harm, and suicidal thoughts.

Strategies to Reduce the Risk of Suicide

1. Challenging Traditional Masculine Norms: Society often pressures men to uphold certain masculine norms, such as being strong, self-reliant, and stoic. These expectations can hinder men from seeking help for mental health issues, fearing that it might be seen as a sign of weakness. By challenging these norms and promoting open discussions about emotions and mental well-being, we can create a safer space for men to seek help.

2. Addressing Problematic Alcohol Use: Problematic alcohol consumption, which is more prevalent among men, can exacerbate depressive symptoms and increase the risk of suicide. By increasing awareness and promoting safer alcohol consumption, we can mitigate these risks.

3. Recognizing Signs of Depression: Depression can manifest differently in men compared to women, with increased irritability, anger, impulsivity, and substance use. Recognizing these signs can help identify men who may be at risk of suicide.

4. Combating Social Isolation: Social connections are essential for mental well-being, and supporting men during challenging life events, such as relationship breakdowns, can help combat social isolation.

5. Addressing Societal Stigma and Trauma: Various life experiences and identities can impact men’s mental health and access to support services. It’s crucial to provide inclusive resources and services that consider diverse experiences and backgrounds.

Our Collective Responsibility

Men’s mental health and suicide prevention in Canada require collective action and understanding. By challenging harmful gender norms, promoting mental health awareness, and providing accessible and inclusive support, we can create an environment where men feel comfortable seeking help when they need it most.

Remember, it’s essential to be there for one another, lend a listening ear, and encourage open conversations about mental health. Together, we can support our brothers and make a meaningful impact on men’s mental well-being, reducing the devastating toll of suicide in our communities.

If you or someone you know is struggling with suicidal thoughts or mental health issues, it is crucial to seek help promptly. There are various resources available in Canada to provide support and assistance:

• Crisis Services Canada: 1-833-456-4566 (available 24/7) or text 45645 (available from 4 p.m. to midnight ET).

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